热带东印度洋SST对气候变暖和变冷的响应     

徐杉  罗义勇 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):76-85

The response of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean(ETIO) to heat fluxes of equal amplitude but opposite sign is investigated using the Community Earth System Model(CESM). A significant positive asymmetry in sea surface temperature(SST) is found over the ETIO—the warming responses to the positive forcing exceeds the cooling to the negative forcing. A mixed layer heat budget analysis is carried out to identify the mechanisms responsible for the SST asymmetry. Results show that it is mainly ascribed to the ocean dynamical processes, including vertical advections and diffusion. The net surface heat flux, on the contrary, works to reduce the asymmetry through its shortwave radiation and latent heat flux components. The former is due to the nonlinear relationship between SST and cloud, while the latter is resulted mainly from Newtonian damping and air-sea stability effects. Changes in the SST skewness are also evaluated, with more enhanced negative SST skewness over the ETIO found for the cooling than heating scenarios due to the asymmetric thermocline-SST feedback.  相似文献   

全球大洋潮汐模式在北印度洋潮汐预报准确性的评估     

刘经东  张文静  刘春笑  郑后俊  朱首贤  史剑  聂屿 《海洋通报》2019,(2):159-166

为评估DTU10、TPXO8、GOT00.2和NAO.99b 4个全球大洋潮汐模式对北印度洋潮汐的预报能力,采用英国海洋资料中心提供的海区中部和沿岸站潮汐调和常数资料,检验了这些模式4个主要分潮(M_2、S_2、K_1、O_1)的准确度。它们的各分潮调和常数资料准确度都比较高,振幅绝均差的最大值仅5.61 cm,迟角绝均差的最大值仅9.13°。这些模式的调和常数给出潮波传播特征差别不大。基于这些模式提供的调和常数,分别建立了北印度洋4、8和16分潮潮汐预报模型,将预报结果与中国海事服务网提供的沿岸24个站潮汐表资料进行对比。各模式的8分潮(M_2、S_2、N_2、K_2、K_1、O_1、P_1、Q_1)潮汐预报模型均优于4分潮(M_2、S_2、K_1、O_1)潮汐预报模型,NAO.99b模式可以提供16分潮(M_2、S_2、N_2、K_2、K_1、O_1、P_1、Q_1、MU_2、NU_2、T_2、L_2、2N_2、J_1、M1、OO_1)潮汐预报模型,但是对预报结果改善不明显;在各模式中,GOT00.2模式的8分潮潮汐预报模型对北印度洋沿岸的预报效果最好,平均绝均差为14.97 cm。  相似文献   

全球海潮模型最新进展及在中国沿海精度评估     

范长新 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(5):476-481

介绍TPXO、FES、Chinatide、MIKE Global Tide、Utide等典型海潮模型，总结归纳其同化潮汐数据来源和最新的海洋地形数据，利用我国沿岸长期验潮站以外的26个中短期潮位观测站评估TPXO等海潮模型预报精度。结果表明，全球海潮模型对我国沿海M2分潮的预报精度普遍较低，且主导了几种海潮模型在中国海域的整体预报精度；相比MIKE Global Tide和TPXO7.2,TPXO8、TPXO_Yellow Sea 2010和TPXO_China&Ind模型在我国沿海的预报精度更高。  相似文献   

The Fluxes and Behaviour of Plumes Inferred from Measurements of Coherent Structures within Images of the Bulk Flow     

H.C. Burridge  J.L. Partridge  P.F. Linden 《大气与海洋》2016,54(4):403-417

This paper describes how measurements of the movement of identifiable features at the edge of a turbulent plume can be interpreted to determine the properties of the mean flow and consequently, using plume theory, can be used to make estimates of the fluxes of volume (mass), momentum, and buoyancy in a plume. This means that video recordings of smoke rising from a chimney or buoyant material from a source on the sea bed can be used to make accurate estimates of the source conditions for the plume. At best we can estimate the volume flux and buoyancy flux to within about 5% and 15% of the actual values, respectively. Although this is restricted to the case of a plume rising in a stationary and unstratified environment, we show that the results may be of practical use in other more complex situations. In addition, we demonstrate that large-scale (turbulent) coherent structures at the plume edge form on a scale approximately 40% of the local (mean) plume half-width and travel at almost 60% of the average local (mean) velocity in the plume.  相似文献   

“Global warming” versus “climate change”: A replication on the association between political self-identification,question wording,and environmental beliefs     

Alistair Raymond Bryce Soutter  René Mõttus 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity and requires immediate action. Schuldt, Konrath, and Schwarz (2011) suggested that beliefs in environmental phenomena can be influenced by the terminology used to describe it: changing question wording from global warming to climate change resulted in a 6.3 percentage point increase in belief in environmental phenomena. This association was moderated by political self-identification, with Republicans being 16.2 percentage points more likely to believe in climate change than in global warming, with Democrats showing no difference. The potential for connotative meanings to shift over time and the sociopolitical changes since the original study, potential policy and environmental campaign implications, and an expansion of these findings to other countries, motivated an attempt to replicate this important finding. This pre-registered study repeated the original procedures in the United States of America and two other countries (United Kingdom and Australia; total N = 5,717). Although question wording no longer had a significant effect on beliefs in climate change/global warming, the association of political self-identification with beliefs in environmental phenomena replicated in all three countries, with Conservatives consistently believing less in climate change/global warming than Liberals. The potential impacts of temporal and methodological differences on the discrepancies between this study's and the original's findings are discussed.  相似文献   

华南埃迪卡拉纪硫化海洋环境演变来自深水相区的黄铁矿证据     

王林  史晓颖  蒋干清 《地质论评》2011,57(6):810-824

为进一步认识华南埃迪卡拉纪(震旦纪)海水硫化条件的演变过程,本文对斜坡相沉积的陡山沱组中的黄铁矿进行形态与粒度分布研究。结果表明陡山沱期沉积的多数黄铁矿是早期成岩作用形成,以自形、半自形晶体为主;个别层位中草莓状黄铁矿粒径大于10μm的比例较高(89%～96%),反映是在海水、沉积物界面以下生长的,不能充分指示水体硫化状态。但在陡山沱组中部和上部发育有数层从水体中析出的同沉积草莓状黄铁矿(96%以上的莓球粒径小于10μm),反映出海水硫化条件发育。黄铁矿铁与高活性铁的比值(FePY/FeHR)作为判别海洋硫化状态的重要指标,可能会因次生黄铁矿的叠加效应影响而产生偏差,应结合黄铁矿矿物形态—粒度分析和其他手段加以校正。通过这2种方法并结合碳、硫同位素等研究表明,陡山沱组沉积旋回Ⅰ顶部和旋回Ⅲ底部沉积期间华南古海洋曾经历了两幕规模较大的间歇性硫化时期,在此期间硫化水体的覆盖范围至少包括陆架至斜坡中部相区。硫化水体的形成和时空演变主要受大气含氧量、海水硫酸盐浓度、细菌硫酸盐活动(BSR)及海平面变化等因素控制。重要的生物类群主要出现在非硫化间隔期,表明海水硫化条件是限制生物发展的重要环境因素之一。  相似文献   

青藏高原沱沱河地区冻土融化深度预测的概率分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

石云静  马巍 《冰川冻土》2011,33(1):126-131

多年冻土空间异质性和边界条件及土性参数的可变性,往往会导致了冻土变化预测的不确定性,全球气候变暖更加剧这一过程.以青藏高原沱沱河地区试验段冻土融化深度预测为例,提出了在全球气候变暖条件下,基于参数服从某一概率分布的确定性模型的概率分析方法,基于此方法进行了融化深度的概率预测.由含水量、干容重的概率分布和20组ATI(空...  相似文献   

Permian Tectonic Evolution in Southwestern Khanka Massif: Evidence from Zircon U‐Pb Chronology,Hf isotope and Geochemistry of Gabbro and Diorite   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

CAO Huahu  XU Wenliang  PEI Fuping  ZHANG Xingzhou 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(6):1390-1402

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical data for the Permian gabbros and diorites in the Hunchun area are presented to constrain the regional tectonic evolution in the study area. Zircons from gabbro and diorite are euhedral-subhedral in shape and display fine-scale oscillatory zoning as well as high Th/U ratios (0.26–1.22), implying their magmatic origin. The dating results indicate that the gabbro and diorite formed in the Early Permian (282±2 Ma) and in the Late Permian (255±3 Ma), respectively. In addition, the captured zircons with the weighted mean age of 279±4 Ma are also found in the diorite, consistent with the formation age of the gabbro within uncertainty. The gabbros belong chemically to low-K tholeiitic series, and are characterized by low rare earth element (REE) abundances, flat REE pattern, weak positive Eu anomalies (δEu), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti), similar to the high-aluminum basalts from island arc setting. Initial Hf isotopic ratios of zircons from the gabbro range from +7.63 to +14.6, suggesting that its primary magma could be mainly derived from partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle. The diorites belong to middle K calc-alkaline series. Compared with the gabbros, the diorites have higher REE abundance, weak negative Eu anomalies, and more depletion in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, and Ti), similar chemically to the volcanic rocks from an active continental margin setting. Initial Hf isotopic ratios and Hf two-stage model ages of zircons from the diorite range from +11.22 to +14.17 and from 424 to 692 Ma, respectively, suggesting that its primary magma could be mainly derived from partial melting of the Early Paleozoic and/or Neoproterozoic accretted lower crust. Taken together, it is suggested that geochemical variations from the Early Permian gabbros to the Late Permian diorites reveal that the subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic plate beneath the Khanka Massif and collision between the arc and continent (Khanka Massif) happened in the late stage of the Late Paleozoic.  相似文献   

内蒙古东乌旗宝力高庙组地层划分及其同位素年代学研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

辛后田  滕学建  程银行 《华北地质》2011,34(1):1-9

在1/5万内蒙古东乌旗狠麦温都尔地区的矿产远景调查工作中,首次按照岩性组合的差异,将宝力高庙组划分出以安山岩、安山质火山碎屑岩夹砂砾岩为主和以酸性火山岩-火山碎屑岩、炭质板岩、河流相砂砾岩为主的上、下段.在其中分别采集地层中的流纹岩、英安质晶屑凝灰岩和安山岩夹层样品,挑选其中的锆石进行U-Pb SHRIMP同位素测年,...  相似文献   

上海地学研究：从长江口到深海——中国科学院院士汪品先教授接受本刊专访     

《上海国土资源》2011,32(3):1-6

2011年8月30日下午,本刊主编、上海市地质调查研究院总工程师严学新教授,本刊编辑部主任、上海市地质调查研究院总工程师办公室副主任龚士良教授,在同济大学海洋与地球科学学院杨守业教授的陪同下,拜访了中国科学院院士、同济大学海洋与地球科学学院汪品先教授,并作了专题访谈。  相似文献